- Increased migratory/activated CD8+ T cell and low avidity SARS-CoV-2 reactive cellular response in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome -
The role of autoimmunity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is not well explored, although clinicians observe a growing population of convalescent COVID-19 patients with manifestation of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. We analyzed the immune response in 40 post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 patients with non-specific PASC manifestation and 15 COVID-19 convalescent healthy donors. The phenotyping of lymphocytes showed a significantly higher number of CD8+ T cells expressing the Epstein-Barr virus induced G protein coupled receptor 2, chemokine receptor CXCR3 and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 playing an important role in inflammation and migration in PASC patients compared to controls. Additionally, a stronger, SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD8+ T cell response, characterized by IFN{gamma} production and predominant TEMRA phenotype but low SARS-CoV-2 avidity was detected in PASC patients compared to controls. Furthermore, higher titers of several autoantibodies were detected among PASC patients. Our data suggest that a persistent inflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for the observed sequelae in PASC patients. These results may have implications on future therapeutic strategies.
- PPIdb: a database for protein-protein interactions -
The sudden onset of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in the year 2020 created high pressure on researchers and drug developers to discover or create a quick, effective cure. Since the discovery of novel drugs created specifically for the virus takes up years of research and millions of resources, one of the adopted strategies included drug repurposing of already available drugs. A part of drug repurposing is understanding the interactions between various proteins, drugs, and targets of both humans and viruses. For this purpose, we have created an interactome database consisting of protein-protein interactions. This was achieved by extracting datasets from already existing databases and it was combined to create PPIdb- the database of protein-protein interactions which can be utilized to gather information over a wide range of PPIs at a single destination. Further; this database shall be utilized for COVID-19-related drug repurposing projects in our lab.
- How TikTok Served as a Platform for Young People to Share and Cope with Lived COVID-19 Experiences -
The short-video app TikTok saw a large increase in usage during the COVID-19 lockdown because it provided entertainment, distraction and social interaction based on video content engagement. We present results from an interview study with 28 U.S. TikTok users on how they shared and engaged with lived pandemic experiences on TikTok to cope with and socialize after the first lockdown in the U.S. Participants had already established TikTok as a peer community platform on which sharing lived experiences felt appropriate, and was heard by others with similar experiences. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, participants started to look for TikTok videos of shared lived pandemic experiences to interact with others when physical interaction was made impossible. We find TikTok videos facilitated communication and parasocial interaction based on known audiovisual styles. Participants were able to communicate through video creation based on shared ways of presenting short-video content during COVID-19 physical distancing.
- When Pandemic Threat Does Not Stoke Xenophobia: Evidence from a Panel Survey around COVID-19 -
Many studies have found that pandemics heighten anti-immigrant attitudes among host citizens. Yet, most of these studies were done in Global North countries where migrants are likely to differ from host citizens in terms of race, religion, and ethnicity. Within the Global South, migrants and hosts are more likely to share these characteristics. Do pandemics spark the same anti-immigrant sentiment in these contexts? Further, pandemics often bring economic restrictions and job loss, making it difficult to untangle concerns over disease from economic concerns. We examine the case of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, who share many characteristics with host citizens, before and during COVID-19. Additionally, the Colombian government implemented a strict lockdown for several months, allowing us to focus on the economic effects of the pandemic. Using a panel experimental survey of 374 Colombians, supplemented by 550 new respondents at endline, we find no evidence that exposure to COVID-19 changes attitudes, even if respondents were directly affected. However, those who did not lose their jobs viewed Venezuelan migration more positively at endline.
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir among U.S. Veterans: target trial emulation studies with one-month and six-month outcomes -
Background: Information about the effectiveness of oral antivirals in preventing short- and long-term COVID-19-related outcomes during the Omicron surge is limited. We sought to determine the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir for the outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted three retrospective target trial emulation studies comparing matched patient cohorts who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus no treatment, molnupiravir versus no treatment, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus molnupiravir in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Participants were Veterans in VHA care at risk for severe COVID-19 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the outpatient setting during January and February 2022. Primary outcomes included all-cause 30-day hospitalization or death and 31-180-day incidence of acute or long-term care admission, death, or post-COVID-19 conditions. For 30-day outcomes, we calculated unadjusted risk rates, risk differences, and risk ratios. For 31-180-day outcomes, we used unadjusted time-to-event analyses. Results: Participants were 90% male with median age 67 years and 26% unvaccinated. Compared to matched untreated controls, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-treated participants (N=1,587) had a lower 30-day risk of hospitalization (27.10/1000 versus 41.06/1000, risk difference [RD] -13.97, 95% CI -23.85 to -4.09) and death (3.15/1000 versus 14.86/1000, RD -11.71, 95% CI -16.07 to -7.35). Among persons who were alive at day 31, further significant reductions in 31-180-day incidence of hospitalization (sub-hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.37) or death (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.08) were not observed. Molnupiravir-treated participants aged ≥65 years (n=543) had a lower combined 30-day risk of hospitalization or death (55.25/1000 versus 82.35/1000, RD -27.10, 95% CI -50.63 to -3.58). A statistically significant difference in 30-day or 31-180-day risk of hospitalization or death was not observed between matched nirmatrelvir- or molnupiravir-treated participants. Incidence of most post-COVID conditions was similar across comparison groups. Conclusions: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was highly effective in preventing 30-day hospitalization and death. Short-term benefit from molnupiravir was observed in older groups. Significant reductions in adverse outcomes from 31-180 days were not observed with either antiviral.
- Preferences of health care workers using tongue swabs for tuberculosis diagnosis during COVID-19 -
Healthcare workers (HCW) who come into contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients are at elevated risk of TB infection and disease. The collection and handling of sputum samples for TB diagnosis poses exposure risks to HCW, particularly in settings where aerosol containment is limited. An alternative sample collection method, tongue swabbing, was designed to help mitigate this risk, and is under evaluation in multiple settings. This study assessed risk perceptions among South African HCW who used tongue swabbing in TB diagnostic research during the COVID-19 pandemic. We characterized their context-specific preferences as well as the facilitators and barriers of tongue swab use in clinical and community settings. Participants (n=18) were HCW with experience using experimental tongue swabbing methods at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI). We used key informant semi-structured interviews to assess attitudes toward two tongue swab strategies: Provider-collected swabbing (PS) and supervised self-swabbing (SSS). Responses from these interviews were analyzed by rapid qualitative analysis and thematic analysis methods. Facilitators included aversion to sputum (PS and SSS), perceived safety of the method (SSS), and educational resources to train patients (SSS). Barriers included cultural stigmas, as well as personal security and control of their work environment when collecting swabs in community settings. COVID-19 risk perception was a significant barrier to the PS method. Motivators for HCW use of tongue swabbing differed substantially by use case, and whether the HCW has the authority and agency to implement safety precautions in specific settings. These findings point to a need for contextually specific educational resources to enhance safety of and adherence to the SSS collection method.
- Heterologous boosting of neutralizing activity against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-primed adults; a randomized study with SCB-2019 vaccine -
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has peaked but some countries such as China are reporting serious infectious outbreaks due to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Waning vaccine-derived immunogenicity and mutations in variants allowing vaccine evasion require new booster immunization approaches. We compared homologous and heterologous boosting in adults previously fully primed with a whole-virus inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: At multiple sites in the Philippines we enrolled 430 adults (18-72 years) immunized with two doses of CoronaVac at least 3 months previously and randomly assigned them to receive homologous (CoronaVac, n = 216) or heterologous (recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019, n = 214) booster doses. Non-inferiority/superiority of the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response 15 days after boosting was measured by microneutralization against prototype SARS-CoV-2, and Delta and Omicron variants in subsets (50 per arm). Participants recorded solicited local and systemic adverse events for 7 days, unsolicited AEs until Day 29, and serious adverse events until Day 60. Results: NAb geometric mean titers (GMT) against prototype on Day 15 were 744 (95% CI: 669-828) and 164 (143-189) in heterologous and homologous groups, respectively, with a heterologous/homologous GMT ratio of 4.63 (3.95-5.41), meeting both pre-defined non-inferiority and superiority criteria. Similarly, geometric mean-fold rises for NAb against Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 variants were superior after heterologous SCB-2019 (range 3.01-4.66) than homologous CoronaVac (range 0.85-1.6) in an exploratory analysis. Reactogenicity and safety measures were evenly balanced between groups; the most frequent local reaction was mild or moderate injection site pain; mild or moderate headache and fatigue were the most frequent systemic adverse events. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Heterologous boosting of CoronaVac-immunized adults with SCB-2019 was well tolerated with superior immunogenicity than homologous boosting, particularly for newly emerged variants, supporting use of SCB-2019 for booster vaccination.
- Genome charaterization based on the Spike-614 and NS8-84 loci of SARS-CoV-2 reveals two major onsets of the COVID-19 pandemic -
The global COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for three years since its outbreak, however its origin is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the genotypes of 3.14 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes based on the amino acid 614 of the Spke (S) and the amino acid 48 of NS8 (nonstructural protein 8), and identified 16 linkage haplotypes. The GL haplotype (S_614G and NS8_48L) was the major haplotype driving the global pandemic and accounted for 99.2% of the sequenced genomes, while the DL haplotype (S_614D and NS8_48L) caused the pandemic in China in the spring of 2020 and accounted for approximately 60% of the genomes in China and 0.45% of the global genomes. The GS (S_614G and NS8_48S), DS (S_614D and NS8_48S) and NS (S_614N and NS8_48S) haplotypes accounted for 0.26%, 0.06%, and 0.0067% of the genomes, respectively. The main evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 is DS[->]DL[->]GL, whereas the other haplotypes are minor byproducts in the evolution. Surprisingly, the newest haplotype GL had the oldest time of most recent common ancestor (tMRCA), which was May 1 2019 by mean, while the oldest haplotype had the newest tMRCA with a mean of October 17, indicating that the ancestral strains that gave birth to GL had been extinct and replaced by the more adapted newcomer at the place of its origin, just like the sequential rise and fall of the delta and omicron variants. However, they arrived and evolved into toxic strains and ignited a pandemic in China where the GL strains did not exist at the end of 2019. The GL strains had spread all over the world before they were discovered, and ignited the global pandemic, which had not been noticed until the pandemic was declared in China. However, the GL haplotype had little influence in China during the early phase of the pandemic due to its late arrival as well as the strict transmission controls in China. Therefore, we propose two major onsets of the COVID-19 pandemic, one was mainly driven by the haplotype DL in China, the other was driven by the haplotype GL globally.
- Periodic epidemic outbursts explained by local saturation of clusters -
Adding the notion of spatial locality to the susceptible-infected-recovered (or SIR) model, allows to capture local saturation of an epidemic. The resulting minimum model of an epidemic, consisting of five ordinary differential equations with constant model coefficients, reproduces slowly decaying periodic outbursts, as observed in the COVID-19 or Spanish flu epidemic. It is shown that if immunity decays, even slowly, the model yields a fully periodic dynamics.
- Intelligent lockdown, intelligent effects? The impact of the Dutch COVID-19 ‘intelligent lockdown’ on gendered work and family dynamics among parents -
This study examines the impact of the Dutch ‘intelligent lockdown’ during the COVID-19 pandemic on work and family dynamics among parents. This ‘intelligent lockdown’ relied on a combination of restrictive measures and an emphasis on individual responsibility as a means of lessening the spread and health impact of the pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is more than a public health crisis. Lockdown measures had substantial societal effects, including a significant impact on parents with (young) children. Given gender inequality existent prior to the pandemic, the question arises to what extent the consequences of the lockdown varied for mothers and fathers. Using representative survey data gathered among Dutch parents in April 2020, we explore changes in three areas: paid work, the division of care and household work, and quality of life (leisure, work-life balance, relationship dynamics). Our linear probability and multinomial logistic models demonstrate that the way in which families were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic reflects a complex gendered reality. We find that gender inequality patterns in the division of paid work, care work, and housework continue to exist. Moreover, the unique situation created by restrictive lockdown measures magnified some inequalities while others were lessened. We find evidence of increased gender inequality in relation to paid work and quality of life, yet a decrease in gender inequality in the division of care and household tasks. During the lockdown, Dutch fathers reported doing more care and household tasks than before. The insights provided here offer key comparative references for understanding the broader impact of lockdown measures on work and family dynamics, as well as quality of life as we move forward in the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Modified bronchoscopy masks mitigate aerosols during gastroscopies -
Digestive endoscopy has been proven to produce aerosols. This represents a risk of infection by COVID-19 and other airborne viruses. A number of protective barriers have been proposed to minimise that risk. Continuous suction of the oral cavity, shielding barriers, masks, and increasing the distance between patient and endoscopist have been proposed as methods to reduce the exposure of endoscopists and endoscopy staff to aerosols. Here, we present a study that uses modified bronchoscopy masks to attenuate aerosol production at the patient9s mouth. We find that this approach offers 47% (p=0.01) reduction in particle count for particles <5um in diameter (i.e. aerosols), which are known to spread SARS-CoV-2.
- Superiority of intranasal over systemic administration of bioengineered soluble ACE2 for survival and brain protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection -
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of a soluble ACE2 protein termed ACE2 618-DDC-ABD, bioengineered to have long duration of action and high binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2, when administered either intranasally (IN) or intraperitoneally (IP) and before or after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation. K18hACE2 mice permissive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were inoculated with 2x104 PFU wildtype SARS-CoV-2. In one protocol, ACE2 618-DDC-ABD was given either IN or IP, pre- and post-viral inoculation. In a second protocol, ACE2 618-DDC-ABD was given either IN, IP or IN+IP but only post-viral inoculation. In addition, A549 and Vero E6 cells were used to test neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by ACE2 618-DDC-ABD at different concentrations. Survival by day 5 was 0% in infected untreated mice, and 40% in mice from the ACE2 618-DDC-ABD IP-pre treated group. By contrast, in the IN-pre group survival was 90%, histopathology of brain and kidney was essentially normal and markedly improved in the lungs. When ACE2 618-DDC-ABD was administered only post viral inoculation, survival was 30% in the IN+IP group, 20% in the IN and 0% in the IP group. Brain SARS-CoV-2 titers were high in all groups except for the IN-pre group where titers were undetectable in all mice. In cells permissive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, ACE2 618-DDC-ABD neutralized wildtype SARS-CoV-2 at high concentrations, whereas much lower concentrations neutralized omicron BA.1. We conclude that ACE2 618-DDC-ABD provides much better survival and organ protection when administered IN and prior to viral inoculation than when given IP or after inoculation and that lowering brain titers is a critical determinant of survival and organ protection.
- A screen for modulation of nucleocapsid protein condensation identifies small molecules with anti-coronavirus activity -
Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation have been implicated in multiple diseases. Modulation of condensate dynamics by small molecules has therapeutic potential, but so far, few condensate modulators have been disclosed. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein forms phase separated condensates that are hypothesized to play critical roles in viral replication, transcription and packaging, suggesting that N condensation modulators might have anti-coronavirus activity across multiple strains and species. Here, we show that N proteins from all seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) vary in their tendency to undergo phase separation when expressed in human lung epithelial cells. We developed a cell-based high-content screening platform and identified small molecules that both promote and inhibit condensation of SARS-CoV-2 N. Interestingly, these host-targeted small molecules exhibited condensate-modulatory effects across all HCoV Ns. Some have also been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E viral infections in cell culture. Our work reveals that the assembly dynamics of N condensates can be regulated by small molecules with therapeutic potential. Our approach allows for screening based on viral genome sequences alone and might enable rapid paths to drug discovery with value for confronting future pandemics.
- In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries -
The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.
- A Global Experiment on Motivating Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic -
Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e. a controlling message) compared to no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly-internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared to the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly-internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing: Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
Animation Supported COVID-19 Education - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Intervention: Other: Animation-Supported Education
Sponsor: Siirt University
Completed
Pilot Clinical Trial to Explore Efficacy and Safety of Pyramax in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: Pyramax
Sponsor: Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Completed
CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Test Usability - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Device: CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Home Test Kit
Sponsor: AccessBio, Inc.
Recruiting
COVID-19 Huashi Baidu Formula Clinical Study - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Huashi Baidu Granule; Drug: Monapiravir
Sponsors: Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing YouAn Hospital; Kossamak Hospital; Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
Not yet recruiting
Shaping Care Home COVID-19 Testing Policy - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Lateral Flow Device
Sponsor: University College, London
Not yet recruiting
Asunercept for the Treatment of Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Disease - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: Asunercept; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Apogenix AG
Recruiting
A Phase 2 Study in Adults to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled IBIO123, for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: IBIO123; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Immune Biosolutions Inc
Not yet recruiting
Feasibility and Usability of COVID-19 Antigen RDTs in Uganda - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Interventions: Diagnostic Test: PMC Sure Status COVID-19 Antigen Test; Diagnostic Test: Acon Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test
Sponsor: PATH
Not yet recruiting
SUNRISE-3: Efficacy and Safety of Bemnifosbuvir in High-Risk Outpatients With COVID-19 - Conditions: SARS CoV 2 Infection; COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Bemnifosbuvir (BEM); Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Recruiting
The Roles of Vitamin D and Microbiome in Children With Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes (PACS) and Long COVID - Condition: Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes
Interventions: Other: Vitamin D; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: China Medical University Hospital
Recruiting
A Study to Learn About Bivalent COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate(s) in Healthy Infants and Children - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 3 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 6 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 10 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 1 microgram dose
Sponsors: BioNTech SE; Pfizer
Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of an Integrative Medicine Outpatient Clinical Setting for Post-COVID-19 Patients - Conditions: COVID-19; Fatigue
Interventions: Behavioral: outpatient clinic with multimodal integrative medicine and naturopathy for post-COVID-19 patients; Other: waiting group
Sponsor: Universität Duisburg-Essen
Recruiting
Clinical Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel Professional Use Product Using Mid-Turbinate Nasal Swabs - Conditions: COVID-19; Influenza A; Influenza Type B
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Panbio™
Sponsor: Abbott Rapid Dx
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of a Physical and Respiratory Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Persistent COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). - Conditions: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19 Recurrent; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fatigue
Intervention: Other: COPERIA-REHAB
Sponsors: Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur; University of Vigo; Galician South Health Research Institute
Not yet recruiting
Randomised Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Online Cognitive Rehabilitation Programme (COPERIA-COG) for Patients With Persistent COVID-19 - Conditions: COVID-19; Neuro-Degenerative Disease; Psychological; SARS CoV 2 Infection
Intervention: Other: Sessions of cognitive stimulation
Sponsors: Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Galician South Health Research Institute
Not yet recruiting
Influenza A virus modulates ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in human cardiomyocytes - No abstract
Screening of Selected Stingless Bee Honey Varieties for ACE2-Spike Protein-Binding Inhibition Activity: A Potential Preventive Medicine Against SARS-Cov-2 Infection - No abstract
Steroid treatment suppresses the CD4+ T-cell response to the third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease patients - No abstract
Desloratadine, an FDA-approved cationic amphiphilic drug, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture and primary human nasal epithelial cells by blocking viral entry - No abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Protein 1(NSP1) Mutation Virulence and Natural Selection: Evolutionary Trends in the Six Continents - No abstract
Antibody feedback regulates immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination - No abstract
Mechanistic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease to accelerate design of covalent inhibitors - No abstract
FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2 - No abstract
The impact of sphinogosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination - No abstract
Correction: A Truncated Receptor-Binding Domain of MERS-CoV Spike Protein Potently Inhibits MERS-CoV Infection and Induces Strong Neutralizing Antibody Responses: Implication for Developing Therapeutics and Vaccines - No abstract
Efficacy and Safety of Pacritinib vs Placebo for Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial - No abstract
Sertraline Is an Effective SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitor Targeting the Spike Protein - No abstract
Real-time monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed phosphoribosylation of anti-influenza prodrug favipiravir by time-lapse NMR spectroscopy - No abstract
Development of a live biotherapeutic throat spray with lactobacilli targeting respiratory viral infections - No abstract
Establishment of Quality Evaluation Method for Yinqiao Powder: A Herbal Formula against COVID-19 in China - No abstract